Managing organisational change The case of Omega Industries - Free Essay Example

Section-1 Doggett (2005) believes that there is always a cause behind any problem and this cause must be identified and addressed to solve the problem or else the problem may continue. So, a consultant must use the diagnostic process as the initial step to identify the actual cause of the problem (Cope, 1999). This approach of continuous probing helps a consultant to differentiate symptoms from root causes. The symptoms of problems face by OI along with the root cause(s) can be: . Low moral of the management and the work force. The root causes identified here are the policies of redundancy and cost cutting and also the low confidence of workforce in the newly appointed management. Poor communication between managers. This is possibly due to the conflict of interests and lack of trust among the general mangers. Low productivity. This is due to the lack of coordination between the departments and the poor warranty handling and client handling policies. Others causes include lack of innovation in designing product(s) and poor marketing strategy. Overstocking of products. This is due to the inaccurate demand forecasting, inadequate insufficient information about customer needs and the lack of understanding about the customer needs. Fischer, which made a cascading impact on the OI and thus resulted into most of the above mentioned symptoms and their respective root causes. Much of the chaos in Business Services is because of the complex departmental structure within it. One way of handling this structure is to integrate the Sales and the Marketing departments into one department under the director of the Sales as he has got the better client contacts and who can understand and address the customer needs better. Similarly, the Parts services department can also be brought under the GM Engineering support services by which overspending budget can be controlled and the demands of the parts can be met on time. This particular integration will handle the overstocking problem as well. Another structural approach for improving the salesmarketing interface or parts-engineering support is to form cross-functional teams composed of people from the two functional areas along by rotating managers and other workforce within the dependent departments. This approach can serve two purposes; first, through job rotation, employees develop a larger network of people with in the firm that can be called on when opportunities or challenges arise and second, through immersion in different functional areas, managers can develop a better understanding of their counterparts culture, activities, constraints, and objectives. The next piece of advice would be to implement Information System such as Customer Relationship Management (CRM) application software across OI or especially across Business Services, where information about customers, customer interactions, procurements, inventory etc can be entered, stored and accessed by employees across departments. The data thus maintained can be analyzed to determine the customer needs and forecast demand thus helping OI to improve its services, inventory management and products. Besides improving communication and coordination across different departments within Business Services, this application software will also help in attaining better customer satisfaction and retaining existing customers. The last advice would be to stop the redundancy program, as it builds fear and insecurity and can lead to lack of coordination and individualistic approach of departments. So, to encourage cooperation and coordination the HR department needs to strengthen the rela tionships between the inter-departments, by means of Appreciative Inquiry and thus encourage people to share the best practices in the organisation (Hayes, 2007). The above mentioned advices when implemented can face some serious resistances like the resistance from affected key stakeholders; the GM Marketing and the GM Part services, who would definitely resist this change as their positions would be affected directly. This resistance can be handled by making the GM Marketing redundant as this post is not directly in touch base with customers and always depends on sales and support department to make marketing forecasts. Similar approach can be taken for the post of GM Part services, which can be handled by the GM Support services. Other key stakeholders that may also resist the change can either be made redundant or can be given roles with better incentives or roles with more responsibilities within OI or in other companies under the same parent company. According to Clampitt et. al. (2000), the most effective way of communicating change is to underscore and explore, where the individuals are empowered to generate creative ideas and alternatively listen to potential misunderstanding and unrecognized obstacles rather than being forced to adopt the ideas of management. So, for this presentations or seminars can be organised where employees can be made aware of the change and its associated benefits and can be asked about their opinions. Cross department training and development programs can also be organised by the HR department to develop the necessary skills and minimize the resistance towards the change and to make a department such as sales or marketing, aware of the functioning of other departments such as engineering support services so that each of the departments communicate with one another on a longer run. Another problem can be in the implementation of the Information system where employees such as the sales personnel w ould be least interested and have the minimum scope of using computers to access the information system. In this case these employees need to be convinced about the potential benefits of using this IS and can be given gradual training to know more about the information system. The basic idea is to involve more people in the change process by making them understand their responsibilities in contributing to the transition process and thus minimising the resistances faced by the top management. Here the need of the hour is the strong leadership and commitment from the CEO and senior management, where they should ensure that the whole change process is in line with the new strategies of the company. Section-2 Management Consulting is defined as delivering skills from outside an organisation (Markham, 2004). It is important for an external consultant like Timothy to choose an appropriate model that delivers the real value for the client organization. A good consulting model should also allow a consultant to deliver his knowledge, skills and experience in an efficient way in improving the consultancy practice. Now, in the context of the case, the initial steps towards addressing the problems are by using consultancy and therefore calls for understanding of client-consultant relationship in depth using the below models and theories. Edward Scheins (1987) three models for consulting are commonly viewed as a starting point from which client expectations can be understood and consultant roles can be defined (Wickham Wickham, 2008). These are; purchase-of-expertise, doctor-patient, and process consultation. The Purchase-of-Expertise model is one in which the client hires the consultant to bring a separate and autonomous perspective to existing issues. The client communicates the problem to the consultant and he executes a solution by using specialist knowledge (Wichkham Wickham, 2008). This model may meet immediate needs or the efforts to put structural changes into place, but will do little to sustain development or the organisation over the time. The Purchase-of-Expertise model is one in which the client hires the consultant to bring a separate and autonomous perspective to existing issues. The client communicates the problem to the consultant and he executes a solution by using specialist knowledge (Wichkham Wickham, 2008). This model may meet immediate needs or the efforts to put structural changes into place, but will do little to sustain development or the organisation over the time. The Process Consultation model is a client centred approach in which the consultant acts as a facilitator and brings his own expertise to methods for directing potenti al organisational behaviours. The consultant works with the organisation to find internal methods for resolving the issues and for implementing change, and utilising existing resources within the organisation. This process is based primarily in the ability of the organisation to sort through its needs, discover its own resources and the best methods for change, and implement changes using its own internal resources. The consultant simply acts as a catalyst directing and redirecting activities to help the organisation achieve the best outcomes based on its needs and thus making the change happen (Schein, 1987). The consultant does not push a solution to the client and it is the client who makes the ultimate choice of implementing the solution (Wickham Wickham, 2008). Reason for selecting Process consultation model: In this case study, the initial attention is paid to the client-consultant relationship where, Timothy is hired for his expertise and for guiding OI, which has less clarity about its specific issues and concerns. Timothy works with the OI management through the diagnostic and intervention stages (Czander Eisold, 2003). In the diagnostic stage Timothy gathers the data required to understand the problem by meeting and interviewing managers and finally evaluates it to understand the root cause of the problem (Cope, 1999). The consultant then uses his expertise to plan an intervention model to address the root causes of the issues faced by the OI. As there is high risk involved, OI would look for solution which involves intensive analysis and is exclusively customized to its needs and for this the process consultation model provides OI the power and flexibility to decide and take action on implementing the intervention proposed by the consultant (Whittle, 2006). Five phase Model of Management Consulting Over the years researchers suggested various models and approaches to consulting, but they all seem to be built around the five phase consulting process or cycle model (Kubr, 2002). For instance, Markham (2004) also suggested model the CONSULT delivery process with five stages; Entry, Contracting, Diagnostic, Intervention and Closure. The five phase consulting model provides a systematic phase by phase framework to consultants about how to plan their approach to a particular assignment and for the same reason this model can be associated with the case of OI. This consulting model consists of five phases; Entry, Diagnosis, Action Planning, Implementation and Termination. Entry: It is the initial phase of consulting process cycle that involves the initial meeting of the consultant with the client and the discussion about the purpose of bringing in the consultant. The consultant prepares for the first meeting by gathering information about the client, their business, history and organizational culture and structure. The client tries to apprise the consultant of the problems it is facing and the consultant does a preliminary diagnosis of the problems. According to Kubr (2002), both the client and the consultant, together decide the scope of the assignment and the client ensures that it has approached the right consultant and the consultant has the necessary expertise to deliver the results as per the clients needs. In the case study, it is evident that the consultant Timothy Edwards has been appointed and apprised of the problems of the OI. He has a fair idea regarding what the firm is trying to achieve by taking his services. Diagnosis: This phase involves an in depth analysis of the root causes of the problems and collection of information to develop solutions to those problems. This phase is regarded as most value addition from consultants side as it involves understanding the issues further by establishing timelines, processes and the information needed to be gathered to work out solution. The main idea is to discover more about the issues faced by the client and what could be helpful in addressing them. More importantly, the client has to be involved actively. Kubr (2002) considers this phase as an important one as there is a need to maintain a positive client consultant relationship, where the client must be provided feedback about the consultants progress and investigation approach to prevent any confrontation from the clients side. The diagnosis phase ends with submission of report regarding the progress on the assignment and signing off the consulting contract. The case study indicates that Timothy has gathered information about the issues by interviewing the senior management and has provided the feedback to the CEO, who has given his consent to the consultant to further analyse and design a new structure for the Business Services. Action Planning: The action planning phase is the stage where the actual solutions are prepared and proposed by the consultant. The consultant generally finds more than one solution which he proposes to the client and helps the client understand and choose the one best ones suited to their need. The consultant makes sure that any factor that might be a risk to the change implementation is recognised and addressed in advance. He also explains about the conditions that might be necessary for the solution to be implemented and about the future plans/strategies of the organisation that might be affected by the change. The consultant also puts together a plan for implementation with details of key people involved and the way the solution will be implemented. The action plans identified in this case study include the change in the management structure of the Business services where merging of departments like the marketing and the sales will address the customer needs better and reduce the conflict of interests within those departments; the implementation of CRM application will result in better demand forecasting and customer service. Implementation: It is final phase of the collaborative approach between the client and the consultant, where the actual implementation of the agreed solutions takes place. The consultant may also be actively involved in guiding the client about the continuous improvements in a case where the client feels that the action plan requires a major change in the structure and the culture of the organization; and it cannot handle the change without proper expertise or guidance of the consultant. It is evident from the action plan phase that the Business Services would require a restructuring and an introduction of a new CRM technology. This type of change could evoke resistance from the key stakeholders such as the general managers or the employees of the company. Hence, the implementation phase may require guidance of the consultant to manage the key stakeholders and align their interest with the business strategy of the OI. The crucial thing here can be the change implemented with roles and expectati ons may require proper communication to the employees and for this consultant can play important role along with the HR department for designing a proper training program to enhance employees skills to fit them in the new organizational culture. Termination: This is the final phase which marks the end of the assignment, provided the project has served its purpose as per the satisfaction of the client and the consultant, which can be evaluated at the end of the implementation phase. There can also be a room for extension of the project if the client feels there is a need for revising some part of the implementation or for expanding the scope of the project to other parts of the organisation. In this phase, the client and consultant can take a call whether the implementation has been a failure, success or something in between (Kubr, 2002). The circumstances and situation under which the client consultant relationship terminates will determine the repeat business for the consultant. In the context of the case study of the OI, it is difficult to anticipate how the current assignment of the consultant, Timothy Edwards, ended. Conclusion: The above analysis has been drawn based on the information available from the case study and the models used should not be considered one that fit all solutions as these provide a framework that can be adapted depending on the situation. References: Clampitt, P.G., DeKoch, R.J., and Cashman, T., (2000) A Strategy for Communicating About Uncertainty, Academy of Management Executive, 14(4), pp. 41-57. Cope, M. (1999). The Seven Cs of Consulting: The Definitive Guide to the Consulting Process. London: Prentice Hall. Czander, W. Eisold, K. (2003). Pyschoanalytic perspectives on organisational consulting: Transference and counter-transference. Human relations. 56(4), pp. 475-490. Doggett, A.M., (2005) Root Cause Analysis: A Framework for Tool Selection. The Quality Management Journal, 12, pp. 34-45. Hayes, J. (2007). The Theory and Practice of Change Management. Second Edition. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan Kubr, M. (2002). Management Consulting: A Guide to the Profession, 4th edition, Geneva: International Labour Office. Markham, C. (2004). The Top Consultant: Developing Your Skills for Greater Effectiveness, London: Kogan Page Schein, Edgar H. (1987). Process consultation Volume II: Lessons for managers and c onsultants. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Whittle, A. (2006). The paradoxical repertoires of management consultancy. Journal of Organisational Change Management. 19(4), pp. 424-436. Wickham, P and Wickham, L. (2008). Management Consulting: Delivering an Effective Project. Third Edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited.

Definition and Examples of Deep Structure in Grammar

In transformational and generative grammar, deep structure (also known as  deep grammar  or  D-structure)  is the underlying syntactic structure—or level—of a sentence. In contrast to surface structure (the outward form of a sentence), deep structure is an abstract representation that identifies the ways a sentence can be analyzed and interpreted. Deep structures are generated by phrase-structure rules, and surface structures are derived from deep structures by a series of transformations. According to  the Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar  (2014): Deep and surface structure are often used as terms in a simple binary opposition, with the deep structure representing meaning, and the surface structure being the actual sentence we see. The terms deep structure and surface structure were popularized in the 1960s and 70s by American linguist Noam Chomsky, who eventually discarded the concepts in his minimalist program in the 1990s.   Properties of Deep Structure Deep structure  is a level of syntactic representation with a number of properties that need not necessarily go together. Four important properties of deep structure are: Major grammatical relations, such as  subject  of  and  object  of, are defined at deep structure.All  lexical  insertion occurs at deep structure.All transformations occur after deep structure.Semantic  interpretation occurs at deep structure. The question of whether there is a single level of representation with these properties was the most debated question in  generative grammar  following the publication of  Aspects  [of the Theory of Syntax 1965]. One part of the debate focused on whether transformations preserve meaning. – Alan Garnham,  Psycholinguistics: Central Topics. Psychology Press, 1985 Examples and Observations [Noam] Chomsky had identified a basic grammatical structure in Syntactic Structures [1957] that he referred to as kernel sentences. Reflecting mentalese, kernel sentences were where words and meaning first appeared in the complex cognitive process that resulted in an utterance. In [Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, 1965], Chomsky abandoned the notion of kernel sentences and identified the underlying constituents of sentences as deep structure. The deep structure was versatile insofar as it accounted for meaning and provided the basis for transformations that turned deep structure into surface structure, which represented what we actually hear or read. Transformation rules, therefore, connected deep structure and surface structure, meaning and syntax. – James D. Williams, The Teachers Grammar Book. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1999 [Deep structure is a] representation of the syntax of a sentence distinguished by varying criteria from its surface structure. E.g. in the surface structure of Children are hard to please, the subject is children and the infinitive to please is the complement of hard. But in its deep structure, as it was understood especially in the early 1970s, is hard would have as its subject a subordinate sentence in which children is the object of please: thus, in outline [please children] is hard. – P.H. Matthews, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford University Press, 2007 ​Evolving Perspectives on Deep Structure The remarkable first chapter of Noam Chomskys Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965) set the agenda for everything that has happened in generative linguistics since. Three theoretical pillars support the enterprise: mentalism, combinatoriality, and acquisition... A fourth major point of Aspects, and the one that attracted most attention from the wider public, concerned the notion of Deep Structure. A basic claim of the 1965 version of generative grammar was that in addition to the surface form of sentences (the form we hear), there is another level of syntactic structure, called Deep Structure, which expresses underlying syntactic regularities of sentences. For instance, a passive sentence like (1a) was claimed to have a Deep Structure in which the noun phrases are in the order of the corresponding active (1b): (1a) The bear was chased by the lion.(1b) The lion chased the bear. Similarly, a question such as (2a) was claimed to have a Deep Structure closely resembling that of the corresponding declarative (2b): (2a) Which martini did Harry drink?(2b) Harry drank that martini. ...Following a hypothesis first proposed by Katz and Postal (1964), Aspects made the striking claim that the relevant level of syntax for determining meaning is Deep Structure. In its weakest version, this claim was only that regularities of meaning are most directly encoded in Deep Structure, and this can be seen in (1) and (2). However, the claim was sometimes taken to imply much more: that Deep Structure is meaning, an interpretation that Chomsky did not at first discourage. And this was the part of generative linguistics that got everyone really excited—for if the techniques of transformational grammar could lead us to meaning, we would be in a position to uncover the nature of human thought... When the dust of the ensuing linguistic wars cleared around 1973 . . ., Chomsky had won (as usual)—but with a twist: he no longer claimed that Deep Structure was the sole level that determines meaning (Chomsky 1972). Then, with the battle over, he turned his attention, not to meaning, but to relatively technical constraints on movement transformations (e.g. Chomsky 1973, 1977). – Ray Jackendoff, Language, Consciousness, Culture: Essays on Mental Structure. MIT Press, 2007 Surface Structure and Deep Structure in a Sentence [Consider] the final sentence of [Joseph Conrads short story] The Secret Sharer: Walking to the taffrail, I was in time to make out, on the very edge of a darkness thrown by a towering black mass like the very gateway of Erebus—yes, I was in time to catch an evanescent glimpse of my white hat left behind to mark the spot where the secret sharer of my cabin and of my thoughts, as though he were my second self, had lowered himself into the water to take his punishment: a free man, a proud swimmer striking out for a new destiny. I hope others will agree that the sentence justly represents its author: that it portrays a mind energetically stretching to subdue a dazzling experience outside the self, in a way that has innumerable counterparts elsewhere. How does scrutiny of the deep structure support this intuition? First, notice a matter of emphasis, of rhetoric. The matrix sentence, which lends a surface form to the whole, is # S # I was in time # S # (repeated twice). The embedded sentences that complete it are I walked to the taffrail, I made out NP, and I caught NP. The point of departure, then, is the narrator himself: where he was, what he did, what he saw. But a glance at the deep structure will explain why one feels a quite different emphasis in the sentence as a whole: seven of the embedded sentences have sharer as grammatical subjects; in another three the subject is a noun linked to sharer by the copula; in two sharer is direct object; and in two more share is the verb. Thus thirteen sentences go to the semantic development of sharer as follows: The secret sharer had lowered the secret sharer into the water.The secret sharer took his punishment.The secret sharer swam.The secret sharer was a swimmer.The swimmer was proud.The swimmer struck out for a new destiny.The secret sharer was a man.The man was free.The secret sharer was my secret self.The secret sharer had (it).(Someone) punished the secret sharer.(Someone) shared my cabin.(Someone) shared my thoughts. In a fundamental way, the sentence is mainly about Leggatt, although the surface structure indicates otherwise... [The] progression in the deep structure rather precisely mirrors both the rhetorical movement of the sentence from the narrator to Leggatt via the hat that links them, and the thematic effect of the sentence, which is to transfer Leggatts experience to the narrator via the narrators vicarious and actual participation in it. Here I shall leave this abbreviated rhetorical analysis, with a cautionary word: I do not mean to suggest that only an examination of deep structure reveals Conrads skillful emphasis—on the contrary, such an examination supports and in a sense explains what any careful reader of the story notices. – Richard M. Ohmann, Literature as Sentences. College English, 1966. Reprinted in Essays in Stylistic Analysis, ed. by Howard S. Babb. Harcourt, 1972

Ancient Mesopotami Economy And Social Class - 1725 Words

Brianna Aronson Adekunle West Civ. HS 101-21 14 November 2014 Ancient Mesopotamia: Economy and Social Class In history, transitions were constantly being made all over the world. From new civilizations being created and discovered, to solving problems about food shortages or economy. Every civilization made transitions each day to advance their society to make living easier for all its people. In these civilizations they each had different economic systems and social classes, which told them the people worship and the people who were nothing more than slaves. More specifically is the Mesopotamian Civilization; they encountered and conquered various issues due to their industrial improvements through out time. The word†¦show more content†¦Mesopotamia has two kinds of agriculture: dry farming in the North (Assyria) and irrigation farming in the south (Babylonia and Sumer)† (Rhea Nemet-Nejat, 253). They used their northern land to raise the animals to produce those products and used the southern land to grow crops. All of these things for valuable to have so that they could trade. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers were the only way to make this possible, but they were constantly flooding which was bad for their land. To stop the flooding they created an irrigation system. This way they could control the way the rivers flow and prevent flooding. The irrigation system was also a great advancement for the civilization because of the hot climate which would dry out the soil with out it. Because this system was so important, it was a duty for the king to keep it working efficiently. Scribes and overseers managed the projects, and the common people were ordered to work on them through the system of forced labor. To be able to farm the people needed the equipment to do so. Farming tools were made of stone and bone. Metals such as bronze were far too expensive to use in this way, while copper was too soft for most uses. With all of the successful agriculture in

Comparative Essay Between Star Wars and Slumdog Millionaire free essay sample

The Phantom menace the first film out of the Prequel to the Star wars trilogy was directed by George Lucas (the director and creator of the Star Wars franchise) whereas Slumdog Millionaire on the other hand was directed by Danny Boyle. Even though both films were directed by different directors they both introduce the theme of the underdog battling their social circumstances to create a better life for themselves. This can be seen by Jamal Malik a Slumdog from the slums of Bombay (later Mumbai) who fights to get the girl and to change his circumstances and Anakin Skywalker who battles for his freedom from Watto his Naboo slave master. Jamal Malik and Anakin Skywalker are both characters that are able to challenge their ‘pre-set social standing’ and achieve their true potential. Both of these characters show the core theme of being able to achieve one’s goals despite the pre-set social standing. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative Essay Between Star Wars and Slumdog Millionaire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Directors of these two films are able to show this theme through their use of film techniques and character development. Throughout these films the directors give us real-world messages about how racisms and prejudice hinders the internal working of our society by giving us the analogy of their two respective characters and their social circumstances. Jamal Malik is presented to us by Danny Boyle as an intelligent, resourceful and caring person. However, Boyle also shows us that most people wouldn’t believe that he was capable of being this type of person due to his position in the Indian caste system (aka his social standing) as many would believe that Slumdog’s were no better than primitive beings. The Inspector helps us to understand the mind-set that Boyle is trying to show us about the way that Indian citizens view the people that life in their slums when he says â€Å"Doctors, Lawyers never get past 60 thousand rupees. †¦. What could a Slumdog possibly known†. This shows us that Indian’s view Slumdog’s as uneducated and stupid and this is a fact that Boyle keeps restating to us: â€Å" Baali, keep up! The Chaiwalah knows more than you†. Even though Boyle uses India and Jamal Malik to express the idea of racisms and prejudice towards people, he is not merely referring to India as a point of prejudice Boyle is actually saying that prejudice exists in our society in many countries around the world in many forms and he only uses India to express this because it is a place, that many people associate with prejudice existing. Though all this prejudice exists in India, Jamal is able to overcome his social circumstances by using his intelligence and wits to achieve his goal. This is mainly due to the power of love as Jamal seeks out his goal which is the love of his life Latika a girl from the slums that Jamal and Salim meet when their mother dies. Through his journey of finding Latika Jamal is able to prove himself and challenge other peoples believes about himself and other slum dwellers as in order to find Latika Jamal goes onto ‘Who wants to be a Millionaire’ where he is enduring Prem the TV show’s host mock his place in the caste system. Even though Prem mocks Jamal, Jamal answers the questions and is able to prove to Prem and the TV show’s audience that he is intelligent and isn’t bound to others peoples prejudices about him. Another fact that shows the Slumdog millionaire viewers about Jamal’s true potential is when he is able to counter act Prem, when he is pretending to give Jamal the ‘correct’ answer but is instead deceiving him so that he is not out shone in his own show. Anakin Skywalker faces similar problems to Jamal Malik in the respect that they both have to prove themselves to others. Anakin is imprisoned by Watto a Naboo slave owner who hinders Anakin from achieving his potential and thereby his goal of becoming a Jedi. The Post Pod Race sequence is a very important sequence in the film as it is where Anakin learns that his mother has not attained freedom from Watto. This sequence plays an important part in the movie as it shows Lucas audiences’ that achieving one’s goal comes with a sacrifice of one kind or another. Anakin’s main goal is that he could be free and become a jedi. Anakin mainly battles his social circumstances in the Pod race as he is able to battle the other racers to achieve his freedom as Gi Gon Jin is able to place a bet on his freedom. This results in Anakin having a real conviction to win as he knows that by winning the Pod race he will be able to prove himself to the Jedi knights and achieve his freedom. Helping the two Jedi Knights is important to Anakin as he believes that by helping them acquire the parts they need he is doing a good dead. This is something that threatens the social norm of the lower classes being uncaring and submissive as contrary to belief Anakin has a pure drive to disobey his slave master and to help his true friends. Anakin like Jamal faced sceptism and prejudice from others who judged him on his position in Naboo’s social hierarchy. This can be seen mainly seen through the film technique of dialogue and people’s behaviour towards the characters â€Å"you won’t beat me you slave scum! this piece of dialogue by Anakin’s racing opponent shows us how society views the lower classes as inferior beings that cannot succeed in life. This seriously hinders both the characters in their respective films and consequently hinders (but not stops) them from achieving their goals as people don’t take them seriously and mock them openly. However, Anakin doesn’t experience the same level of prejudice as Jamal as Watto recognises his ability in creating machines. This helps Anakin as it allows him to gain experience and knowledge in making technology which would allow him to finally achieve his goal of becoming a Jedi through building and manning a pod in the pod race which he consequently wins. Jamal’s talents on the other hand weren’t recognised by many people as many believed him stupid. Anakin was mainly able to challenge his social circumstances because of the two Jedi Knights (Obi Wan Kenobi and Gi Gon Jin) as they kindle his spark and they help him achieve his goal of freedom from his slave master by betting their spacecraft on him. Apart from the two Jedi’s Knights Anakin has his mother Shimi Skywalker, Anakin’s mother teaches him values and plays a large role in supporting and caring for him this allows Anakin to fight his social circumstances with much vigour once he has receives her blessing. This significantly differs to what Jamal goes through as his mother dies when he is very young so he has no real maternal influence to support him in his aspirations. On the contrary to what you might think Jamal has Latika his true love to motivate him towards success in this way the two characters are similar as they both have people they love to support them and drive them on their journey to battle their social circumstances and to achieve their potentials. Lucas and Boyle show us an important message about that way that we as a society judge others based on trivial things like their sex, social standing and ethnic groups and how racism and prejudice hinders individuals from achieving their goals. This is an important message for our global community as we live in a world of progress and innovation and by allowing others to achieve their aspirations we are consequently enabling our world to progress. Both Boyle and Lucas show us through Anakin Skywalker and Jamal Malik that changing these prejudices and overcoming them is not impossible as all one needs is vision and determination to battle these pre-set stereotypes. Battling one’s circumstances to make a fairer world is one of the main ideas explored in both of these films. Comparative Essay Between Star Wars and Slumdog Millionaire free essay sample The Phantom menace the first film out of the Prequel to the Star wars trilogy was directed by George Lucas (the director and creator of the Star Wars franchise) whereas Slumdog Millionaire on the other hand was directed by Danny Boyle. Even though both films were directed by different directors they both introduce the theme of the underdog battling their social circumstances to create a better life for themselves. This can be seen by Jamal Malik a Slumdog from the slums of Bombay (later Mumbai) who fights to get the girl and to change his circumstances and Anakin Skywalker who battles for his freedom from Watto his Naboo slave master. Jamal Malik and Anakin Skywalker are both characters that are able to challenge their ‘pre-set social standing’ and achieve their true potential. Both of these characters show the core theme of being able to achieve one’s goals despite the pre-set social standing. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative Essay Between Star Wars and Slumdog Millionaire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Directors of these two films are able to show this theme through their use of film techniques and character development. Throughout these films the directors give us real-world messages about how racisms and prejudice hinders the internal working of our society by giving us the analogy of their two respective characters and their social circumstances. Jamal Malik is presented to us by Danny Boyle as an intelligent, resourceful and caring person. However, Boyle also shows us that most people wouldn’t believe that he was capable of being this type of person due to his position in the Indian caste system (aka his social standing) as many would believe that Slumdog’s were no better than primitive beings. The Inspector helps us to understand the mind-set that Boyle is trying to show us about the way that Indian citizens view the people that life in their slums when he says â€Å"Doctors, Lawyers never get past 60 thousand rupees. †¦. What could a Slumdog possibly known†. This shows us that Indian’s view Slumdog’s as uneducated and stupid and this is a fact that Boyle keeps restating to us: â€Å" Baali, keep up! The Chaiwalah knows more than you†. Even though Boyle uses India and Jamal Malik to express the idea of racisms and prejudice towards people, he is not merely referring to India as a point of prejudice Boyle is actually saying that prejudice exists in our society in many countries around the world in many forms and he only uses India to express this because it is a place, that many people associate with prejudice existing. Though all this prejudice exists in India, Jamal is able to overcome his social circumstances by using his intelligence and wits to achieve his goal. This is mainly due to the power of love as Jamal seeks out his goal which is the love of his life Latika a girl from the slums that Jamal and Salim meet when their mother dies. Through his journey of finding Latika Jamal is able to prove himself and challenge other peoples believes about himself and other slum dwellers as in order to find Latika Jamal goes onto ‘Who wants to be a Millionaire’ where he is enduring Prem the TV show’s host mock his place in the caste system. Even though Prem mocks Jamal, Jamal answers the questions and is able to prove to Prem and the TV show’s audience that he is intelligent and isn’t bound to others peoples prejudices about him. Another fact that shows the Slumdog millionaire viewers about Jamal’s true potential is when he is able to counter act Prem, when he is pretending to give Jamal the ‘correct’ answer but is instead deceiving him so that he is not out shone in his own show. Anakin Skywalker faces similar problems to Jamal Malik in the respect that they both have to prove themselves to others. Anakin is imprisoned by Watto a Naboo slave owner who hinders Anakin from achieving his potential and thereby his goal of becoming a Jedi. The Post Pod Race sequence is a very important sequence in the film as it is where Anakin learns that his mother has not attained freedom from Watto. This sequence plays an important part in the movie as it shows Lucas audiences’ that achieving one’s goal comes with a sacrifice of one kind or another. Anakin’s main goal is that he could be free and become a jedi. Anakin mainly battles his social circumstances in the Pod race as he is able to battle the other racers to achieve his freedom as Gi Gon Jin is able to place a bet on his freedom. This results in Anakin having a real conviction to win as he knows that by winning the Pod race he will be able to prove himself to the Jedi knights and achieve his freedom. Helping the two Jedi Knights is important to Anakin as he believes that by helping them acquire the parts they need he is doing a good dead. This is something that threatens the social norm of the lower classes being uncaring and submissive as contrary to belief Anakin has a pure drive to disobey his slave master and to help his true friends. Anakin like Jamal faced sceptism and prejudice from others who judged him on his position in Naboo’s social hierarchy. This can be seen mainly seen through the film technique of dialogue and people’s behaviour towards the characters â€Å"you won’t beat me you slave scum! this piece of dialogue by Anakin’s racing opponent shows us how society views the lower classes as inferior beings that cannot succeed in life. This seriously hinders both the characters in their respective films and consequently hinders (but not stops) them from achieving their goals as people don’t take them seriously and mock them openly. However, Anakin doesn’t experience the same level of prejudice as Jamal as Watto recognises his ability in creating machines. This helps Anakin as it allows him to gain experience and knowledge in making technology which would allow him to finally achieve his goal of becoming a Jedi through building and manning a pod in the pod race which he consequently wins. Jamal’s talents on the other hand weren’t recognised by many people as many believed him stupid. Anakin was mainly able to challenge his social circumstances because of the two Jedi Knights (Obi Wan Kenobi and Gi Gon Jin) as they kindle his spark and they help him achieve his goal of freedom from his slave master by betting their spacecraft on him. Apart from the two Jedi’s Knights Anakin has his mother Shimi Skywalker, Anakin’s mother teaches him values and plays a large role in supporting and caring for him this allows Anakin to fight his social circumstances with much vigour once he has receives her blessing. This significantly differs to what Jamal goes through as his mother dies when he is very young so he has no real maternal influence to support him in his aspirations. On the contrary to what you might think Jamal has Latika his true love to motivate him towards success in this way the two characters are similar as they both have people they love to support them and drive them on their journey to battle their social circumstances and to achieve their potentials. Lucas and Boyle show us an important message about that way that we as a society judge others based on trivial things like their sex, social standing and ethnic groups and how racism and prejudice hinders individuals from achieving their goals. This is an important message for our global community as we live in a world of progress and innovation and by allowing others to achieve their aspirations we are consequently enabling our world to progress. Both Boyle and Lucas show us through Anakin Skywalker and Jamal Malik that changing these prejudices and overcoming them is not impossible as all one needs is vision and determination to battle these pre-set stereotypes. Battling one’s circumstances to make a fairer world is one of the main ideas explored in both of these films.

What Caused The Great Depression Essay Example For Students

What Caused The Great Depression Essay Though most Americans are aware of the Great Depression of 1929, whichmay well be the most serious problem facing our free enterprise economicsystem, few know of the many Americans who lost their homes, life savingsand jobs. Americans faced vast problems during the eleven years ofdepressions span. The paper primarily focuses on what life was like forfarmers during the time of the Depression. By the 1930s, thirteen millionworkers lost their jobs, which is 25 percent of all workers. The blacks andunskilled workers were always the first to be fired. Farmers had no money andwerent capable of paying their mortgages. Americans traveled throughout thecountry looking for a place to work to support themselves and their family. Farmers plight during the Great Depression and drought. When the rains failed tocome, the grass began to disappear. As the farmers watched their plants turnbrown and the dirt slowly turn to dust they began to fear what was to come. Inthe water-cut gullies the earth dusted down in dry little streams. We will write a custom essay on What Caused The Great Depression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As the sharpsun struck day after day, the leaves of the young corn became less stiff anderect; then it was June and the sun shone more fiercely. The brown lines on thecorn leaves widened and moved in on the central ribs. The weeds frayed and edgedback toward their roots. The air was thin and the sky more pale; and every daythe earth paled. The farmers were terrified that the government feed loanswouldnt be available to keep the livestock from dying. In many cases, the RedCross was making allowances for feed to keep live livestock. The small farmersof fruit trees and vegetable plants depended on others who ran canneries tobottle and can their produce. The people they depended upon were the same peoplethat hired scientists to experiment on the fruits and vegetables to come up withbetter tasting and yielding produce. Thus the small farmers were dependent onthese same rich landowners for almost everything. They couldnt harvest theirproduce on their own so they sold it to the rich landowners and thus made verylittle money on their produce. The farmers found themselves in debt caused bythe purchase of land, tools, animals and other items bought on credit. The GreatDepression was the end result of World War I. It affected the rich and pooralike, factory workers and farmers, bankers and stockbrokers. In short, itaffected everyone; no one was left untouched. But of all the people hurt,farmers were the worst off. The Great Depression is known to be the worsteconomic disaster in U. S. history.

Dialogue Essays

Dialogue Essays Dialogue Essay Dialogue Essay Doctor: HI, what seems to be the problem? Patient: IVe been having a chest pain for about four hours. Doctor: 0k and did you have any other problems? Patient: Yes, during my sleep I was woken up by a pressure in the middle of my chest, and it spread to the left shoulder and back four hours ago. I also had shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, and vomiting. Doctor: The pressure in the middle of your chest is a retrosternal pain. Did you take any medication during that time? Patient: Yes, I took three tablets of nitro glycerol and tried to rest but it did not help. Doctor: It ays on your file that you were admitted by ambulance. Your ECG results show a ST elevation in II, Ill, aVF, and CK-MB higher than normal. Did you have any fever, disturbance of consciousness, cough, or abdominal pain? Patient: No, I didnt have any such problems. However my appetite and sleep were bad. Doctor: Did you have any diarrhea or trouble urinating? Patient: No diarrhea and my urine was normal. Doctor: Do you have any past medical conditions? Patient: IVe never had any serious troubles in the past or allergies either. Doctor: 0k thats good, tell me a little about your personal history. Patient: I was born in Dalian, China and got married when I was 26. My wife and children are healthy. I smoked 20 cigarettes per day for 25 years and IVe also been drinking alcohol for 1 5 years. Doctor: Alright, what about your family history? Patient: Both my maternal and paternal grandparents are deceased although Im not sure of the age or cause of death. My mother died of acute myocardial infarction at 53 and my father died of stroke at 45. He had a family history of diabetes, coronary heart disease and hypertension. Doctor: 0k this was very helpful. Now we will run some tests Just to confirm the condition.

Movie Mississippi Masala Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mississippi Masala - Movie Review Example Conflicts between the races arise mainly due to ignorance, prejudice and stereotyping which leads to negative ideas and attitudes arising among the groups when relating to each other. Economic pressures and increasing competition for limited numbers of jobs, housing and schools have forced the races into conflict. Added to economic pressures are social conflicts arising from differences in religion, traditional values and a history of oppression of one race by another in different situations. The fear of the unknown and unfamiliar leads to avoidance, hostility, overt violence and a desire to destroy whatever is different from oneself. The film ‘Mississippi Masala’ explores the serious theme of interracial conflict and possible resolutions to these conflicts. In spite of the topic, it is a spicy, romantic, passionate, irreverent, funny and upbeat film which avoids racial stereotyping and depicts its characters as natural and human. The film has a liberal viewpoint in that it shows Demetrius, the Black American Name 2 hero and Mina, the Asian heroine in a positive relationship with believable underpinnings.